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First aid method

1. Check the scene
2. Call for help
3. Approach safely
4. Urgent treatment
5. Prevent injury
6. Treat shock
7. Thorough examination
8. Plan a course of action

Check the scene

• What caused the accident?
• Are there still dangers?
• Should victims be moved
• How many victims?
• How badly are the victims injured
• Can others assist with first aid?
• What to do with bystanders?

Call for help

If someone has more than a minor illness or injury, get someone to call 911 immediately.

If in backcountry, send two people and have them look out for each other on the way.

Approach safely

Don't injure yourself on the way. Protect yourself with disposable latex free gloves and eye protection. If CPR is needed, use a breathing barrier. Clean any skin exposed to bodily fluid.

Ask for permission: "My name is ____, and I know first aid. May I help you?". If unconscious, assume the person wants help.

Urgent treatment

Take 15 to 20 seconds to find out the following:

• Is the victim conscious?
• Is the person breathing?
• Is the person's heart beating?
• Is there severe bleeding
• Are there contributing factors like allergies or diabetes
• Is there evidence of pills, chemicals, or poisons?
• Are there medical alert bracelets or necklaces?

Prevent further injury

Never move someone with suspected spinal injury unless absolutely necessary

Do not move someone unless impossible to perform first aid or if the victim is in a dangerous position. If moving, do so with minimum movement. Stabilize the head and neck with someone else helping.

Treat shock

Check and immediately treat for shock if necessary.

1. Assure the victim something is being done. An apparently unconscious person may still be able to hear you.
2. Call for help
3. Treat hurry cases
4. Help the injured person lie down
5. Raise the feet 12 inches if there are no back, neck, or head injuries.
6. Keep the victim warm

Thorough examination

If professional help is delayed, check from head to toe for other injuries. Ask for information about how an injury happened if possible. Pay attention to how a victim is responding and what it is saying. Open outer clothing to discover possible hidden injuries. Avoid moving the victim if you suspect a spinal injury.

Plan a course of action

If professional help is still not here, keep the victim comfortable. If injuries are serious, send two people to get medical help. Keep monitoring the victim's condition and be prepared to respond to changes.

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